| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | c /tʃ/ | k | Voiceless | Stop | |
| b | d | y /dʒ/ | ɡ | Voiced | |
| f | s | ʃ | x | Voiceless | Fricative |
| β | z | ʒ | ɣ | Voiced | |
| m | n | ɲ | ŋ | Nasal | |
| ʋ | l | j | w | Approximant | |
| h /ʙ̥/ | t /r̥/ | Voiceless | Trill | ||
| v /ʙ/ | r | Voiced | |||
Several consonants undergo fortition after nasal consonants: [β, w → b, j → dʒ, l, r → d]; Mutonyi (2000) postulates that Bukusu has no phonemic voiced plosives.[1]
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unr. | rnd. | unr. | rnd. | unr. | rnd. | |
| i /ɛ/ | œ | ï /ɜ/ | ü /ɞ/ | ʌ | ɔ | High |
| æ | e /ɐ/ | Mid | ||||
| a | o /ɶ/ | ä | ʊ /ɒ̈/ | ə /ɑ/ | u /ɒ/ | Low |
References[]
- ↑ Jeff Mielke, 2008. The emergence of distinctive features, p 141–142