Vowels[]
Dakota has five oral vowels, /a e i o u/, and three nasal vowels, /ã ĩ ũ/.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high | oral | i | u | |
| nasal | ĩ | ũ | ||
| mid | close | e | o | |
| open | ɛ | ʌ | ||
| low | oral | æ | a | ɒ |
| nasal | ã | |||
Consonants[]
| Labial (-ized) |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Palatal (-ized) |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ɲ [ɲ] | ŋ [ŋ] | |||
| Stop | aspirated | ph [pʰ] pȟ [pˣ] |
th [tʰ] tȟ [tˣ] |
čh [tʃʰ] |
kh [kʰ] kȟ [kˣ] |
qh [kʰ] qȟ [qˣ] |
|
| voiceless | p [p] | t [t] | č [tʃ] | k [k] | q [q] | '' [ʔ] | |
| ejective | p' [pʼ] | t' [tʼ] | č' [tʃʼ] | k' [kʼ] | q' [qʼ] | ||
| voiced | b [b] | d [d] | c [dʒ] | g [ɡ] | j [ɢ] | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | s [s] | š [ʃ] | x [x] | ȟ [χ] | |
| ejective | f' [fʼ] | s' [sʼ] | š' [ʃʼ] | x' [xʼ] | ȟ' [χʼ] | ||
| voiced | v [v] | z [z] | ž [ʒ] | ɣ [ɣ] | ǧ [ʁ] | ||
| Approximant | w [w] | r [ɹ] | y [j] | l [ɰ] | h [h] | ||