Haida phonology

Consonants

Skidegate Haida consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Postalveolar / Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
			central	lateral
Plosive	voiced	b	d		ɟ	ɡ	ɢ	ʕ
	plain	b̥	d̥			ɡ̊	ɢ̥	( ʕ̥ )	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		cʰ	kʰ	qʰ
	ejective	pʼ	tʼ		cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
Affricate	lenis			d̥͡ɮ̊	d̥͡ʒ̊
	fortis		t͡s	t͡ɬʰ	t͡ʃ
	ejective		t͡sʼ	t͡ɬʼ	t͡ʃʼ
Fricative	voiceless	ɸ	s	ɬ	ʃ	x	χ	( ħ )	h
	voiced	β	z	ɮ	ʒ	ɣ	ʁ	ʢ	ɦ
Nasal	plain	m	n		ɲ	ŋ
	glottalized	mˀ	nˀ		ɲˀ	ŋˀ
Approximant	plain		ɹ	l	j	w
	glottalized		ɹˀ	lˀ	jˀ	wˀ

• ^1 The plain stops are partially voiced in syllable-initial position.
• ^2 For some speakers, [t͡ʃ] occurs only at the beginning of syllables, while [t͡s] does not occur there, making them allophones of the same phoneme.
• ^3 In Northern Haida (Masset Haida and Alaskan Haida), /χ ɢ̥/ historically developed into /ħ ʕ/, with /χ ɢ̥/ then being reintroduced by occasional borrowings from Southern Haida, Tlingit, Tsimshian, and Chinook jargon. The actual realization of the pharyngeal consonants /ħ ʕ/ varies with dialect. In Masset Haida they are pharyngeal fricatives, [ħ, ʕ], whereas in the variety of Alaskan Haida spoken in Hydaburg they have been described as an epiglottal trill [ʜ] and a trilled epiglottal affricate [ʡʜ] or an epiglottal stop [ʡ] respectively.

Vowels

Skidegate Haida vowels Front Central Back short long short long short long Close i iː ɨ ɨː u uː Open-mid ɛ ɛː ə əː ɔ ɔː Open æ æː a aː ɑ ɑː

Masset and Kaigani Haida vowels Front Central Back short long short long short long Close i iː ɨ ɨː u uː Mid e eː ə əː o oː Open æ æː a aː ɑ ɑː

External links

• Haida language