The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet , a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
Vowels [ ]
Consonants [ ]
Pulmonic consonants [ ]
Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced , to the left are voiceless . Shaded areas denote articulations judged to be impossible.
Non-pulmonic consonants [ ]
Co-articulated consonants [ ]
Auxiliary symbols [ ]
Suprasegmentals
ˈ
Primary stress
ˌ
Secondary stress
ː
Long
ˑ
Half-long
◌̆
Extra-short
|
Minor (foot) group
‖
Major (intonation) group
.
Syllable break
‿
Linking (absence of a break)
Tones and word accents
Level
Contour
◌̋
˥
Extra-high (top)
◌̌
˩˥
Rising
◌́
˦
High tone
◌̂
˥˩
Falling
◌̄
˧
Mid tone
◌᷄
˦˥
High rising
◌̀
˨
Low tone
◌᷅
˩˨
Low rising
◌̏
˩
Extra-low (bottom)
◌᷈
˧˦˧
Rising-falling
◌ꜜ
Downstep
↗︎
Global rise
◌ꜛ
Upstep
↘︎
Global fall
Transcription
[ ]
Phonetic transcription
/ /
Phonemic transcription
( )
Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩
Sound obscured
{ }
Prosodic notation