The phonology of Italian describes the sound system—the phonology and phonetics—of Standard Italian and its geographical variants.
Consonants[]
| Labial | Dental/ alveolar |
Post- alveolar/ palatal |
Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | ||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | x | ɣ |
| Approximant | ʋ | j | w | |||||
| Lateral | l | ʎ | ʟ | |||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ||||||
Vowels[]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Near-open | æ | ||
| Open | a | ä | ɒ |