Consonants[]
The 45 consonants of Oowekyala:
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | sibilant | plain | labial | plain | labial | ||||
Plosive | voiced | b | d | d͡l[1] | d͡z | ɡ | ɡʷ | ɢ | ɢʷ | |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ɬ | t͡s | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡ɬʰ | t͡sʰ | kʰ | kʷʰ | qʰ | qʷʰ | ||
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡ɬʼ | t͡sʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | ɬ | s | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | ||
voiced | v | ɮ | z | ɣ | ɣʷ | ʁ | ʁʷ | |||
Nasal | short | m | n | ŋ | ŋʷ | |||||
long | mː | nː | ||||||||
glottalized | mˀ | nˀ | ŋˀ | ŋʷˀ | ||||||
Approximant | short | ʋ | ɹ | l | j | w | ɦ | |||
long | ʋː | ɹː | lː | |||||||
glottalized | ʋˀ | ɹˀ | lˀ | jˀ | wˀ | ʔ |
Phonologically, affricates are treated as stops, and nasals and approximants are treated as sonorants. Additionally, /ɦ/ and /ʔ/ are treated as sonorants.
Vowels[]
Oowekyala has phonemic short, long, and glottalized vowels.:
Front | Central | Back | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | glottalized | short | long | glottalized | short | long | glottalized | |
Close | i | iː | iˀ | ɨ | ɨː | ɨˀ | u | uː | uˀ |
Close-mid | e | eː | eˀ | ə | o | oː | oˀ | ||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɛː | ɛˀ | ɔ | ɔː | ɔˀ | |||
Open | æ | æː | æˀ | a | aː | aˀ | ɒ | ɒː | ɒˀ |
References[]
- ↑ Not [d͡ɮ]. Howe (2000:24)