Vowels[]
The vowel system of Modern Scots:[1]
| Aitken | IPA | Common spellings |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | short /əi/ long /aɪ/ |
i-e, y-e, ey |
| 2 | /i/ | ee, e-e, ie |
| 3 | /ei/ | ei, ea |
| 4 | /e/ | a-e, #ae |
| 5 | /o/ | oa, o-e |
| 6 | /u/ | ou, oo, u-e |
| 7 | /ø/ | ui, eu |
| 8 | /eː/ | ai, #ay |
| 8a | /əi/ | i-e, y-e, ey |
| 9 | /oe/ | oi, oy |
| 10 | /əi/ | i-e, y-e, ey |
| 11 | /iː/ | #ee, #ie |
| 12 | /ɑː, ɔː/ | au, #aw |
| 13 | /ʌu/ | ow, #owe |
| 14 | /ju/ | ew |
| 15 | /ɪ/ | i |
| 16 | /ɛ/ | e |
| 17 | /ɑ, a/ | a |
| 18 | /ɔ/ | o |
| 19 | /ʌ/ | u |
Vowel length is usually conditioned by the Scottish Vowel Length Rule.
Consonants[]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Stop | p b | t d | k ɡ | ʔ | ||||
| Affricate | tʃ dʒ | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ç | x | h | |
| Approximant | central | ɹ | j | ʍ w | ||||
| lateral | l | |||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
References[]
- ↑ Aitken A.J. ‘How to Pronounce Older Scots’ in ‘Bards and Makars’. Glasgow University Press 1977