There is no official or traditional orthography for Mushunguli. However, spelling practices from related Bantu languages can easily be adopted to render the language with minimal phonetic diacritics.
Vowels[]
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | ɪ | ʊ |
Mid | ɛ | ɔ |
Open | a | ɒ |
Consonants[]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Stop | plain | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
Implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | θ ~ s | ʃ | x | h |
voiced | v | ð ~ z | ʒ | ɣ | ɦ | |
Approximant | w | l | j | ɰ | ||
Flap | ɾ |
The fricatives [z] and [s] freely vary with [ð] and [θ], respectively.
Tone[]
Vowel length is not distinctive, but phonetic length is especially associated with falling tones as in chîga 'leg'. The tone system is similar to that of Tanzanian Zigua.[1][2]
References[]
- ↑ Kenstowicz, Michael. 1989. Tone and accent in Kizigua – a Bantu language. in P.M. Bertinetto & M. Loporcaro (eds). Certamem phonologicum: papers from the 1987 Cortona Phonology Meeting, pp. 177-188. Torino: Rosenberg and Sellier.
- ↑ Kenstowicz, Michael. & Charles Kisseberth. 1990. Chizigula tonology: the word and beyond. In S. Inkelas & D. Zec(eds) The phonology-syntax connection, pp. 163-194. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.